Abutment Where the roof tiles
meet a structure rising above the
roof.
Accessory A concrete or
terracotta product used to finish the roof; includes
apex, ridge and barge tiles.
Anti-ponding
board A sarking or underlay-support of
various materials, (galvanised iron, fibrous cement
etc), installed along the eaves lines from the top of
the fascia back to the rafter with a clearance of 10 mm
below the first batten. This prevents water "ponding"
behind the fascia. Anti-ponding boards should be
installed on all low pitched roofs or roofs with no
overhang.
Apex The
intersection of all ascending hips where they meet
either a ridge or another ascending hip. Note: Also the
name of a three or four-way fitting used to cover this
point.
Apron flashing A
one-piece flashing, such as is used at the lower side of
a chimney that penetrates a sloping
roof.
Barge board/verge board/gable
board A sloping board installed to the
pitched edges of a gable, covering the ends of roof
timbers.
Barge course/Verge
course The tiles next to the
gable.
Bastard valley or
hip A valley or hip formed in an abnormal or
non-parallel line on which tiles are
fixed.
Battens A specifically
sized timber or steel section installed parallel to the
eave line on which tiles are
fixed.
Bedding A composition
of brick layers' sand and cement for fixing ridge
capping on hips and ridges. The edges are finished off
with a pointing material.
Bellcast
batten (Tilting batten) A batten installed
on the toe of the rafters in a vertical line with the
plum cut, to keep the eaves course of tiles on the same
rake as the other courses. (The fascia board usually
serves this
purpose).
Bond The system of
aligning tiles on the roof in relationship to each
other. With a straight bond, the sides of tiles form
straight lines from bottom to top course. With a
staggered, broken or cross bond, tiles in each alternate
course overlap, by half, the tiles above and below
them.
Box gutter An internal
roof gutter between the slopes of a roof or a roof and a
wall that discharges water internally through a
sump.
Capillary break A
groove or space left between two surfaces, large enough
to prevent capillary movement of water into a
building.
Ceiling joists The
joists that carry the ceiling and also form a tie
between the feet of the common
rafters.
Cleat A small piece
of wood that reinforces another, or is used to locate
positively another timber.
Clipping
batten A batten installed to the rafters
directly behind the fascia. The clipping batten is used
for installing the bottom course of tiles when sarking
is not specified. Generally it is only used on homes
with metal fascias, and only in high wind
areas.
Collar tie The timber
used to connect two rafters at or near their
centres.
Common rafter The
main support rafter of the slope between eaves, wall
plate and ridge.
Concealed gable
flashing Subject to regional specification
in the use of the galvanised metal flashing, a concealed
gable flashing is a fibre cement verge strip running to
the gutter line.
Counter
battens A batten normally installed on top
of and parallel to the rafters over the ceiling lining,
where the ceiling lining is fixed on top of the rafters
(exposed beams). Tiling battens are then installed to
the counter battens, creating an air space that allows
sarking to dish between the
rafters.
Cripple Creeper
rafter The rafter connecting a hip and
valley.
Crippled jack or Broken Hip
rafter A rafter connecting the end of a
ridge to a valley.
Dormer
cheek The upright side to a
dormer.
Dormer or dormer
window A vertical window or opening, coming
through a sloping roof, usually provided with its
own-pitched roof.
Dutch
gable A roof that has a gable near the
ridge, with the lower part hipped.
Eaves The lowest overhanging
part of a sloping roof that projects beyond the external
wall.
Eaves fascia A board on
edge installed along the feet of the rafters. It often
carries the eaves gutter along the
eaves.
Eaves overhang The
inclined distance (line of rafter) from the outside of
the external wall to the inner face of the
fascia.
Eaves width The
horizontal distance from the inner face of the fascia
board to the outside of the external
wall.
Edge of roof The area
of a roof bounded by the eaves, ridge and barge,
extending towards the centre of the roof for a distance
equal to 0.1 multiplied by the minimum plan dimension of
the building, measured from eaves to eaves, or barge to
barge. To view the Glossary, please select an
alphabet grouping from the
menu.
Façade The face or
front of a building.
Fall The
slope or pitch of a roof or
gutter.
Fascia board A wide
board set vertically on edge and fixed to the rafter
ends or wall, which caries the
gutter.
Flexible pointing A
highly pliable yet durable compound which, once cured,
forms an incredibly strong bond between the tile and
ridge capping.
Head or End
lap The distance by which one course of
tiles overlaps the course below.
Hip
creeper rafter A rafter connecting a wall
top plate and hip.
Hip end
Tile A sloping triangular roof fitting
designed to cover the end of a hipped
roof.
Hip rafter A rafter
following the line of the intersection of two roof
planes.
Hipped roof (End) A
gable roof which has two additional sloping planes at
either end of the roof.
Jack or Crown End
rafter A rafter installed at the end of a
ridge and the meeting point of two
hips.
Lifts Roofing trade
term for stacks of tiles around the
roofs.
Loading The installing
requirements and materials for sarking, battens, tiles
and accessories etc, specified by the tiling
manufacturer as sufficient to withstand the loading
requirements of AS 1170.0 and AS 1170.0 Suppl
1:2000.
Mansard Roof A roof
structure with two pitches. The steep pitch commences at
the eaves, and intersects with the lower pitch, which
finishes at the ridge. Tiles on the lower pitch overhang
the steeper pitch by a slight margin. Mitred
hips/valleys Cut tiles on hips or valleys that form a
true and straight line where the cut tiles join on each
slope.
Mortar See
"Bedding".
Mottle Used to
describe the laying of various coloured tiles at a
consistent percentage throughout the
roof.
Nogging Short pieces of
timber nailed between studs in a wall to brace the
structure.
Parapet
wall Usually a brick or timber structure
that rises above the roof line.
Picking
up The term used when the tiler is
trowelling off any excess mortar that may overhang the
ridge capping after
bedding.
Pitch The angle or
slope of the roof surface to the horizontal expressed
either in degrees or as a ratio, eg 15° or
1:3.75.
Principal rafter An
upper member in a truss that has the same inclination as
the common
rafters.
Profile The shape
and design of the
tile.
Rafter A sloping member
that extends from the eaves to the ridge of a roof to
support roofing
material.
Rake The roof's
angle of inclination from the
horizontal.
Ridge The
horizontal line where two planes of a roof meet
together.
Ridge board The
horizontal board, set on edge, at which the rafters
meet.
Ridge capping A roof
fitting used to cover the ridge-line that can be either
'V' shaped or arched (rounded). This generally consists
of a specifically made tile used for both the ridge and
hips of a roof.
Rigid
pointing A mixture of clean sand, cement and
oxide colouring or pre-mixed flexible material, used for
the completion of joints between ridge or hips and with
roof tiles or tiles at gable
ends.
Roof A covering to
protect a building from the
elements.
Roof tile A
concrete or terracotta product used to cover the field
of the roof.
Sarking or
underlay A reflective, pliable membrane that
is installed under the tile battens and conforms to
AS/NZS 4200.1. (Underlay is not reflective in New
Zealand).
Sawtooth roof A
roof structure that is vertical on one side with a slope
down from the ridge line on the
other.
Scribe board A type of
bargeboard shaped to match the overhanging profile
formed by the under surface of roof tiles that overhang
a gable end. The tiles are pointed up on the
interlocking joints.
Secret
gutter A gutter usually fixed against a wall
adjoining the roof slopes, concealed by the roof
covering and vertical wall flashing, then spilling into
an eaves gutter.
Sheathing A
close boarding or other material nailed to the framework
of a wall or roof. Sometimes referred to as
sheeting.
Side lap The
distance by which one tile interlocks with the tile
beside it.
Skillion The term
for a pitched roof with one
plane.
Skylight A glazed
window or translucent roof section fitted parallel to
the roof slope to admit
light.
Soaker Refer
8b.
Soffit The lining
installed under the eaves between the fascia board and
external wall.
Soffit
bearer Timber or metal used to support the
soffit.
Staggered bond The
method of laying tiles where the vertical joint of every
tile is laid to overlap with a half bond of the tiles in
the course below.
Starter/Shell
end The first hip cap at the lowest point of
the hip line.
Steel
battens Steel battens must be designed in
accordance with, AS 2050.2, 2.2 and manufactured from
metallic coated steel with a minimum coating class of
Z275 or AS 150 in accordance with AS 1397. In corrosive
areas, advice should be sought from the
manufacturer.
Stormseal A
bitumen impregnated foam strip used to weatherproof
areas of roof to prevent water penetration during
storms, can be flexible pointed.
Straight
bond Where tiles are not staggered but are
laid directly on top of the tile in the course below, so
that the vertical joints form one straight line up the
slope of the roof.
Stud A
vertical wall support.
Tile
clip A specially formed metal fastening used
to secure tiles to supporting
members.
Tilting
batten Serves the same purpose as a bellcast
batten.
Top plate The
horizontal member above a wall on which the truss or
rafter sits.
Truss roofs A
roof supported by self-supporting, triangulated
structural framework which is, usually prefabricated and
delivered to the job site. This type of construction is
commonly used for all types of
roofs.
Under purlin A
horizontal member in a roof at right angles to the
principal rafters or trusses. It carries the common
rafters.
Upright work Tiling
carried out on a roof pitched close to vertical,
normally on a façade or a mansard
roof.
Valley The internal
angle formed by the meeting of two sloping surfaces of a
roof; the opposite of a hip. A valley tray is installed
in this area to direct water to the
gutter.
Valley creeper
rafter A rafter connecting ridge and
valley.
Valley iron/Valley
tray A "V" shaped sheet lipped on each
outside edge and formed to fit into the angle of a
valley.
Valley rafter A
rafter following the line of the internal intersection
of two roof surfaces.
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